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the `firstTest` variable was manually changed from type Boolean? to Boolean, in order to compile. Converted test "Edition077_Tuning_WDA_Startup" from Java to Kotlin just by copy-pasting. Import io.appium.java_client.MobileElement It can be done easily and one file at a time.īelow is the full Kotlin test file, which can also be found in our repository of examples. As time moves on, we will see if Kotlin adoption grows, but hopefully this will allay your fears about migrating. Our test was pretty simple, but I hope you consider learning Kotlin and experiment with converting your code. The Java Appium client worked from the Kotlin code with no problem. Since the code sets a value for isFirst at the declaration site, we can convert it to the non-nullable type Boolean, and our code now compiles.Īnd tests pass! Also read: How to Improve Customer Experience in the Telecom Industry? Our copy-pasted code fails because we are attempting to use the not operator ! on a variable of type Boolean? and the compiler is complaining that the Boolean? could be null, and it isn't able to calculate the results of !null. This concept has existed for a long while, and is able to prevent many null reference exceptions and other issues. There's a lot more to this concept, including some interesting syntax and shortcuts for null-checking, and there are plenty of articles explaining it in detail online, as well as the Kotlin documentation. If you define a method which takes a String parameter, you never need to check if it is null before you use it, because it's guaranteed to not be null. So a String variable can never be null, while a String? variable can be null or a String. In order to have a null value, the variable type must be set to the "nullable" version of the type, indicated by following the class name with a ?. Kotlin uses a concept called "nullable types", where a variable of any class cannot be null. This is related to the most obvious difference between Java and Kotlin at first glance, and also my favorite feature so far. The compiler complains about our use of firstTest. Kotlin is a different language after all. The firstTest static variable from our original class has been converted to a " companion object" which is how Kotlin implements static class members. We picked a good example that brought up a case that involves some manual intervention. The test file won't actually compile though. Our project was using gradle version 4.0, so I had to update first, by running the following code:Īnd 95% of the work is done for us, leaving us with perfectly readable code. The only difficulty I ran into is that the IDE's Kotlin plugins only work with gradle version 4.1 and up. I'm using IntelliJ IDEA, and our project was already set up to use Gradle. In my specific case, I started with our code sample from two weeks ago. In this article, we'll take a simple Appium Java test, and convert it to Kotlin in just a few minutes! Read: Capturing Network Traffic in Java with Appium This allows for a gradual transition, rather than the risks of a complete rewrite. A Java project can have some code files in Kotlin, a Kotlin program can import Java libraries, and with a little extra work, Java programs can import Kotlin libraries. What many readers may not know, is that Kotlin code can be easily integrated into a Java project. Kotlin has many features which clean up some of the longstanding issues with Java, and also just gives a fresh start, without needing to support legacy decisions and APIs. Test your mobile apps and browsers on real Android devices. It is the officially preferred language for Android app development, and a friend of mine is even rewriting his team's backend API in Kotlin. The compiled code runs on the JVM, it is supported by Java IDEs, and its syntax is very similar to Java. Kotlin is a new programming language, which is many ways is the successor to Java. So we still need to solve for y-intercept to get our equation. So we now know our equation will be y is equal to negative 5 thirds, that's our slope, x plus b. as negative 5 over 3 I divided the numerator and the denominator by 2. wich is the exact same thing as negative 5 thirds. 5 minus negative 1 is the same thing as 5 plus 1. You can look at that visually there or you can use this formula same exact idea, our ending x-value, our ending x-value is 5 and our starting x-value is negative 1. So it takes us one to go to zero and then five more. So we started at x is equal to negative 1, and we go all the way to x is equal to 5. We started at x is equal to negative 1 and we go all the way to x is equal to 5. Now we just have to find our change in x. And all it does is tell us the change in y you go from this point to that point We have to go down, our rise is negative we have to go down 10. This right here is y2, our ending y and this is our beginning y This is y1. or if you just want to use this formula here it will give you the same thing We finished at negative 4, we finished at negative 4 and from that we want to subtract, we want to subtract 6. And we go down all the way to y is equal to negative 4 So this is rigth here, that is our change in y You can look at the graph and say, oh, if I start at 6 and I go to negative 4 I went down 10. So what is our change in y? So our change in y, to go we started at y is equal to six, we started at y is equal to 6. So let's just make this over here our starting point and make that our ending point. And you just have to pick one of these as the starting point and one as the ending point. This is the same exact thing as change in y and that over the x value of your ending point minus the x-value of your starting point This is the exact same thing as change in x. So this is equal to change in y over change in x wich is the same thing as rise over run wich is the same thing as the y-value of your ending point minus the y-value of your starting point. Or, we can view it as the y value of our end point minus the y value of our starting point over the x-value of our end point minus the x-value of our starting point. So m, or the slope is the change in y over the change in x. This is the slope-intercept form where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept. Remember, we want, we can find the equation y is equal to mx plus b. So good place to start is we can find its slope. So the line will looks something like that. I will draw a dotted line maybe Easier do dotted line. So the line connects them will looks something like this. And we go down 4, So 1, 2, 3, 4 So it's right over there. So it's this point, rigth over there, it's (-1, 6). And the first point is (-1,6) So (-1, 6). And you don't have to draw it to do this problem but it always help to visualize That is my y axis. What is the equation of the line? Let's just try to visualize this. This means that it is an ENTIRELY different point on the line, as the change in y over change in x is equal to -10/6, or -5/3.Ī line goes through the points (-1, 6) and (5, -4). 69/15 = x And lastly, dividing -69 by 15 gives us.Īlright, so we know that when y is equal to -10, then x is equal to -4.6. 23/3 * 3/5 = x And multiplying this out will give us. 23/3 / 5/3 = x As for the left hand side, we know that dividing by a fraction is the same thing as multiplying by it's reciprocal, so it becomes 23/3 / 5/3 = 5/3x / 5/3 The right hand side cancels out 23/3 = 5/3x, so now we divide both sides by 5/3 So first, we subtract 13/3 from both sides. 10 = 5/3x + 13/3 and from this, we can solve for x in this situation. Now to compare this to when y equal to -10, we would have this: We also know from the given points that when y equals 6, x is equal to -1. The change in y over the change in x equals out to -10/6, or -5/3. This is seen when you compare the points and the slope. However if Sal were to use -10, the x value he would have to be different. If -10 from the slope were to be a valid option for a point in this equation, that means that the change in x would also have to be the accompanying point on the line to go with the change in y. He could not use -10, because -10 isn't necessarily a point on the line, because it's the change in y. He used 6 because it was one of the points for y on the line. Check Engine Light Stays On: When the check engine light remains illuminated on your vehicle’s dashboard, it signifies that the onboard diagnostic system has detected a problem.These issues can prevent the engine from starting smoothly and may require professional attention to diagnose and fix. Difficulty in Starting the Engine: If you experience difficulty starting your engine, it may be due to a malfunctioning starter motor, weak battery, or a problem with the ignition switch.These issues can lead to inefficient fuel combustion, resulting in reduced mileage and increased fuel consumption. Poor Fuel Efficiency: When your vehicle’s fuel efficiency starts to decline, it could indicate problems with the fuel delivery system, such as a clogged fuel filter or malfunctioning oxygen sensor.These problems can disrupt the combustion process and cause your engine to run unevenly or even stall altogether. Frequent Engine Stalling or Misfires: If you notice that your engine stalls or misfires frequently, it could be a sign of underlying issues such as a faulty ignition coil or fuel injector.Therefore, understanding the ECM and maintaining it appropriately is key to your vehicle’s health and longevity. If it malfunctions, it can have a significant impact on your car’s fuel efficiency, emission control, and overall drivability. The ECM’s critical role in regulating engine operations makes it vital for optimum vehicle performance. It continually receives data from various sensors embedded in the car, processes this information, and then uses it to command the engine’s fuel injectors and ignition system. The Electronic Control Module (ECM) is essentially the brain of your vehicle, controlling myriad processes related to engine performance and functionality. But what happens when it needs a reset? This blog post will guide you through the simple yet crucial process of resetting your car’s ECM, a necessary step for anyone keen on comprehensive vehicle maintenance. Acting as the car’s computer, the ECM plays a significant role in ensuring optimal performance. In the world of vehicle maintenance, understanding the intricacies of your car’s Electronic Control Module (ECM) is essential. 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Box braids are a timeless and versatile protective style for black women with natural hair. Then tag this as a our default for the next reboot. sudo /System/Library/Filesystems/apfs.fs/Contents/Resources/apfs_systemsnapshot -s "SnapshotName" -v /Volumes/Macintosh\ HD\ 1 Now we have deleted the file we need to add this new version of the system folder as a snapshot so enter the following. ls -a /Volumes/Macintosh\ HD\ 1/System/Library/Extensions/ Step 4 - Create snapshot and tag it for the next default reboot. Sudo mv /Volumes/Macintosh\ HD\ 1/System/Library/Extensions/IOPlatformPluginFamily.kext /Volumes/Macintosh\ HD\ 1/IOPlatformPluginFamily-backup-kexts/Īgain see if it has disappeared from the directory. sudo mkdir /Volumes/Macintosh\ HD\ 1/IOPlatformPluginFamily-backup-kexts/ Rather than deleting the file we will do a backup - so use the below and move it to a newly created folder. ls -a /Volumes/Macintosh\ HD\ 1/System/Library/Extensions/ Now let's first see that the offending IOPlatformPluginFamily.kext file exists by entering. Next make it writable which will require you to enter your password - the /Volumes/Macintosh\ HD\ 1 could be different. NOTE: To find out if 'disks5' is correct for your machine enter diskutil list in the terminal which will list your drives. Now reboot back into the normal macOS boot mode and let us mount the live volume - the disk1s5 could be different. reboot Step 3 - Mount the Live Volume and backup the IOPlatformPluginFamily.kext file Straight away bootup in Recovery Mode again using CMD + R and choose Utilities -> Terminal. NOTE: Without this being done first you won't have permissions to carry out the next csrutil authenticated-root disable command. On the screen that loads go to the navigation and choose Utilities -> Terminal. So at first bootup in Recovery Mode using CMD + R. Normally it's impossible to mount a snapshot as writable, only readable so here is the solution I have found. So this means that macOS Big Sur actually no longer boots from the live system volume but now boots from a snapshot/copy of the same system folder. SSV utilizes APFS snapshots, so if an update cannot be performed, the old system version can be restored without reinstallation. Additionally, it makes macOS Software Update more reliable and much safer. SSV helps prevent tampering with any Apple software that is part of the operating system. Step 2 - Bypassing the Signed System Volume (SSV*) Go to System Preferences -> Security & Privacy and choose the FileVault tab. Now before finding the solution below which relates to macOS 11 (Big Sur) I had tried making a bootable USB running macOS 10.14 (Mojave) but this couldn't read the read-only system volume. The reason being that Apple introduced the read-only system volume which is a dedicated partition for only storing system content which prevents any tampering with system files which one of them is the troublesome IOPlatformPluginFamily.kext. Sudo rm -rf /System/Library/Extensions/IOPlatformPluginFamily.kextīut from macOS 10.15 (Catalina) onwards this has stopped working. Sudo mv /System/Library/Extensions/IOPlatformPluginFamily.kext /IOPlatformPluginFamily-backup-kexts/ Sudo mkdir /IOPlatformPluginFamily-backup-kexts/ In any of the previous versions - macOS 10.14 (Mojave) or below it was a fairly easy fix by first running recovery mode CMD + R and in the terminal. When opening the Activity Monitor to see what was happening with the CPU the thing at the top of the list was the kernel_task using around 500%! so you have been WARNED! + also best to use version 11.1 upwards, since when testing with 11.0.1 I found it very buggy!Īfter booting up the MacBook Pro the macOS would be running unbelievably slow. You will be deleting a system extension and taking a risk. WARNING ALERT: This ONLY relates to someone who has deleted the IOPlatformPluginFamily.kext in previous versions of macOS to sort the kernel_task overloading the CPU but now after installing macOS 11 (Big Sur) the problem has started again. |
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